Observation versus Judgement

OBSERVATION

Carefully noticing what others are doing in order to gather information

JUDGEMENT

Opinion or conclusions based on a number of factors including:

• reasoned arguments

• mental shortcuts (heuristics)

• expertise

• experience

• feelings (affective)

• preferences (not based on facts)

• social and cultural influences

• cognitive bias

• beliefs

• rational analysis

• intuition

References and Citations:

AVOIDING BIAS IN OBSERVATIONS AND JUDGEMENTS, 2019 McMaster University https://hr.mcmaster.ca/app/uploads/2019/06/Avoiding-Bias-in-Observations-and-Judgements.pdf

What Are Heuristics?

These mental shortcuts lead to fast decisions—and biased thinking

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Updated on June 24, 2024, https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-heuristic-2795235?

BPS Core Textbook Series, Chapter 6 – Judgement and decision making, https://routledgelearning.com/bpscoretextbooks/9780367703516/chapter-6-judgement-and-decision-making

Brian M. Barry. Judging Better Together: Understanding the Psychology of Group Decision-Making on Panel Courts and Tribunals, Academic Articles

• Heuristics & Biases: VerywellMind+1routledgelearning.comPMC

• Cognitive Biases: Verywell Mind+1Studocuiacajournal.org.

• Emotional/Affect:Live to PlantTherapeak.

• Social Factors: Verywell Mindiacajournal.orgPower and PelfListen Hard.

• Beliefs & Experience: Listen HardEmotional Wellness, by Leonardo TavaresPower and Pelf.

• Cognitive Skill/Expertise: routledgelearning.comIAS EXPRESS.

  
  

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